C．Finland D．Indonesia

　　　41．Barbara Wege would probably agree that _____.

　　　A．Self-driving cars will greatly improve the traffic environment

　　　B．Accidents caused by self-driving cars might receive more attention

　　　C．Problems involving self-driving cars might shake the public trust in society

　　　D．Car makers needn't take the risk of solving self-driving car ethical dilemmas

　　　Statistics often sounds like a dry subject, but sometimes it's necessary to take a statistics course to get the correct answer to this problem. Take the following case for example: a football scout (球探）hears of a player who has powered his team to a good win-loss record. His coaches think he's one of the most talented players they've seen. But the scout is unimpressed by the one practice game he sees him in; he tells his manager it's not worth trying to recruit (录用）the player.

　　　Most sports fans would think that was a pretty foolish decision, right? Athletic performance is much too variable to base an important judgment on such a small sample. But consider this problem: an employer gets an application from a junior executive (主管人员）with an excellent college record and strong references from his current employer. The employer interviews the applicant and is unimpressed. The employer tells his colleagues that it's not worthwhile recruiting him.

　　　Most people regard this as a reasonable sort of decision. But it isn't. Countless studies show that the unstructured 30-minute interview is virtually worthless as a predictor of long-term performance by any criteria that have been examined.

　　　In both cases, predictions based on references-school reports, prior performance, letters of recommendation-give a 65-75% chance of choosing the better of the two.

　　　Why do we get the athletic problem right and the employment problem wrong? Because in the case of the job, unlike for athletic performance, we haven't seen hundreds of candidates in interviews of a particular type and seen how well performance in the interview corresponds to ultimate (最终的）performance in the setting we're concerned about. We haven't seen that the guy who looks like a fool in the interview turns out to be clever on the job and the guy who does well in the interview turns out to be average. The only way to see that the interview isn't going to be worth much is to be able to apply the "law of large numbers"，which assists the recognition that an interview represents a very small sample of behavior.

　　　The bottom line: there's safety in numbers. The more recommendations a person has, the more positive the outcome is likely to be for the employer. Consider the job interview: it's not only a tiny sample, it's not even a sample of job behavior but of something else entirely. Psychological theory and data show that we are incapable of treating the interview data as little more than unreliable gossip. It's just too compelling (强迫性的）that we've learned a lot from those 30 minutes.

　　　My recommendation is not to interview at all unless you're going to develop an interview protocol (体系),with the help of a professional, which is based on careful analysis of what you are looking for in a job candidate. And then ask exactly the same questions of every candidate. It's harder to develop such a protocol than you might guess. But it can really pay off.

　　　42．The cases in the first two paragraphs are meant to_____.

　　　A．illustrate the influence of fans

　　　B．show the weaknesses of scouts

　　　C．attach importance to interviews

　　　D．introduce the topic of the passage

　　　43．The author believes that ____.

　　　A．the setting in the job interview is too artificial to be convincing

　　　B．a successful candidate usually uses tricks to cover his real characters

　　　C．a small sample is not enough to make a generalized judgement of a candidate

　　　D．the number of candidates hasn't satisfied the requirements for a job interview

　　　44．What is the best title for the passage?

　　　A．How employees are selected

　　　B．Where statistics are available

　　　C．Why job interviews are pointless

　　　D．When recommendations are needed

　　　Tens of thousands of young in Britain who are struggling with their mental health are seeking help online for problems such as anxiety, self-harm, and depression.

　　　Soaring numbers of under-18s are turning to apps, online counselling and "mood diaries" to help them manage and recover from conditions that have left them feeling low, isolated and, in some cases, suicidal.

A generation of young people are attracted by being able to receive fast, personal care and advice using their phone rather than having to wait up to 18 months to be treated by an NHS mental heath professional.