The shift comes as ministers prepare themselves for publication on Thursday of the first new figures for 13 years showing how common mental health problems are in the young mainly as a result of the emergence of social media and its use in fuelling feelings of inadequacy.

　　　The number of under-18s using Kooth, a free online counselling(咨询的）service, has shot up from 20,000 in 2015 to 65,000 last year, and is forecast to rise further to 100,000 this year.

　　　One hundred NHS clinical commissioning groups across England, more than half the total, have now commissioned the service. It helps young people suffering from anxiety, low mood, poor self-worth or confidence, self-harm and loneliness.

　　　"Young people like the fact they can talk to a counsellor either instantly, or within 10 minutes, for up to an hour in the evenings. They love that immediacy"，said Aaron Sefi, the research and evaluation director at XenZone, the company behind Kooth.

　　　"They also love the anonymity involved, because they can sign up without giving their personal details. Plus, they're in control, because they are choosing to contact us rather than being told to do so."

　　　In addition, 123,138 people in the UK download. Calm Harm, an NHS-approved app that helps people self-harm less often or not at all, between April 2017 and this month.

　　　"Users tell us that Calm Harm helps with suicidal thoughts and intent," said Dr. Nihara Krause, the consultant clinical psychologist who developed the app. "Currently 92% of our users, who are mainly female and often aged 15-21, say the urge reduced."

　　　Calm Harm is among 18 apps that NHS England has endorsed(支持）to help cope with mental ill-health. They also include Bluelce, which helps young people manage their emotions using a mood diary and automatic routing(自动转接) to emergency help numbers if their urges to self-harm continue.

　　　Experts welcomed the trend but warned that online help must complement, not replace, face-to-face appointments with therapists, psychologists and psychiatrists.

　　　"Most young people spend much of their time online, and it can feel easier for them to communicate through messaging and online services than face-to-face," said Tom Madders, campaigns director at Young Minds, which helps people under 26.

　　　"Evidence-based mental health apps and online support services can be really beneficial in helping young people to look after their own mental health, develop strategies for coping with difficult emotions, and get accessible information and advice when they need it."

　　　Claire Murdoch, NHS England's national mental health director, said: "Technology is constantly evolving and young people are usually at the forefront, so it's no surprise increasing numbers are turning to services like these which can certainly play a part, particularly when backed up by face-to-face support."

　　　The NHS's forthcoming long-term plan, due next month, will "harness(利用）all of the benefits these advancements can bring"，she added.

　　　Meanwhile, 37% of the young people referred to NHS child and adolescent mental health services (Camhs) in England last year were refused help, the children's commissioner has revealed.

　　　In an analysis of Camhs care published on Thursday, the children's commissioner for England, Anne Longfield, says that despite promises by politicians and NHS bosses to improve access, "a vast gap remains between what is provided and what children need".

　　　While she found improvements in several areas of care, including care for eating disorders, new mothers and under- 18s in the criminal justice system, overall "the current rate of progress is still not good enough for the majority of children who require help but are not receiving it".

　　　45．Online help can be characterized as .______

　　　A．instant, confidential and controllable

　　　B．attractive, convenient and symbolic

　　　C．effective, accessible and controversial

　　　D．considerate, authentic and impractical

　　　46．Teenagers suffer from mental problems mainly because______ .

　　　A．they lack professional guidance

　　　B．they tend to be more self-centred

　　　C．social media make them feel less confident

　　　D．social media keep them distant from each other

　　　47．Calm Harm helps teenagers to_____.

　　　A．keep a journal of their moods

　　　B．manage their feeling of stress

　　　C．reduce the urge to harm themselves

　　　D．improve their self-identity and confidence

　　　48．Experts believe that online help can______.

　　　A．strengthen bonds between teenagers with mental illnesses

　　　B．play a role in pushing forward the cutting-edge advance

　　　C．replace face-to-face appointments with professionals

　　　D．serve as a complement to face-to-face appointments

　　　49．According to Anne Longfield, NHS child and adolescent mental health services ______.

A．have lived up to their expectations and promises