Two life­saving① medicines

　　This article will focus on② two drugs that started revolutions③ in medicine④.If you open up⑤ any medicine cupboard⑥ or go to any medicine counter⑦ in the world, it is likely that⑧ you will find aspirin⑨ and penicillin⑩.Both of these medicines have saved millions of people's lives⑪ and have proved beneficial⑫ to mankind since they were invented.

　　Aspirin

　　Aspirin was invented in 1897.However, the basic chemical used to make aspirin⑬ can be found in nature.Nearly 3,500 years ago, people chewed⑭ on leaves or drank a kind of tea made from leaves⑮ possessing⑯ a special chemical⑰ to reduce body pains and fever.About 2,500 years ago, the Greek⑱ physician⑲ Hippocrates, father of all doctors, made a juice from a tree bark containing ⑳salicylic acid\s\up1(21(21)for the same effect\s\up1(22(22). It was in 1897 that\s\up1(23(23) a European chemist called Dr Felix Hoffmann produced aspirin from this chemical.The first trials\s\up1(24(24) of this medicine took place\s\up1(25(25) in 1899, when the company Hoffmann worked for began distributing the medicine in powder form\s\up1(26(26) to physicians to use with patients. A year later, in 1900, aspirin was sold in shops in the form of tablets\s\up1(27(27).Within a short time, aspirin became the best­selling\s\up1(28(28) medicine in the world for pain relief. ①life­saving/'laIfseIvIŋ/adj.救命的，救生的

②focus on/upon集中(注意力、精力)于

③revolution/ˌrevə'luːʃn/n.巨变，大变革；革命；旋转，天体运行

④that引导定语从句，修饰two drugs。

⑤open up打开　

⑥cupboard/'kʌbəd/n.橱柜；食物柜；衣柜

⑦counter/'kaʊntə(r)/n.柜台；计数器；反驳 vt.反驳；抵制，抵消

⑧it is likely that可能......　

⑨aspirin/'æsprIn/n.阿司匹林

⑩penicillin/ˌpenI'sIlIn/n.盘尼西林，青霉素

⑪save one's life救某人的命

⑫beneficial/ˌbenI'fIʃl/adj.有益的，有用的

be beneficial to对......有用

⑬过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰chemical。

⑭chew/tʃuː/vi.&vt.咀嚼，嚼碎；咬，啃

⑮过去分词短语作tea的后置定语。

⑯possess/pə'zes/vt.拥有，具有

⑰现在分词短语作leaves的后置定语。

⑱Greek n．希腊人adj.希腊的；希腊语的

⑲physician n．医师；内科医师　surgeon n．外科医生

⑳salicylic acid/ˌsælIˌsIlIk'æsId/n.水杨酸

\s\up1(21(21)acid/'æsId/n.酸，酸性物质adj.酸的，酸性的；酸味的；尖酸的

\s\up1(22(22)现在分词短语作a tree bark的后置定语。

\s\up1(23(23)It was ... that ...是强调句型，在此强调时间状语in 1897。

\s\up1(24(24)trial试验，试用　

\s\up1(25(25)take place发生(无被动语态)

\s\up1(26(26)in ... form/in the form of ...以......形式

\s\up1(27(27)tablet/'tæblət/n.药片；丸

\s\up1(28(28)best­selling/ˌbest'selIŋ/adj.畅销的

　　两种挽救生命的药物

　　这篇文章将着重讲述两种引发了医学革命的药物。倘若你打开世界上的任何一个药柜，或者走到任何一个卖药的柜台，都可能找到阿司匹林和青霉素。自这两种药被发明以来，它们已挽救了数百万人的性命，并已证实对人类有益。

　　阿司匹林

　　阿司匹林发明于1897年。但是，用于制造阿司匹林的基本化学物质却可在自然界中找到。将近3 500年前，人们咀嚼一种含有特殊化学物质的树叶或饮用由这种树叶制成的茶，以减轻身体疼痛和退烧。大约2 500年前，医生之父--古希腊医师希波克拉底就用一种树皮制成汁，这种汁含有水杨酸，也有同样的功效。正是在1897年，一位名叫费利克斯·霍夫曼的欧洲药剂师提取这种化学物质制成了阿司匹林。对该药进行的首批试验发生在1899年。当时，霍夫曼供职的公司开始将这种药以粉末形式分发给医师，在病人身上使用。一年之后，即1900年，阿司匹林被制成药片在药店出售。很快，阿司匹林成了世界上最畅销的止痛药。

　　Not only\s\up1(29(29) has aspirin proved vital\s\up1(30(30) for reducing fever and helping stop pain, but there are also other things that aspirin can help with\s\up1(31(31). Lawrence Craven, a doctor from the USA, introduced the idea in 1953 that\s\up1(32(32) aspirin had the potential\s\up1(33(33) to reduce the risk of heart attacks\s\up1(34(34)， because it helped the blood circulate\s\up1(35(35) better.The report was ignored.However, in 1971, Smith and Willis from the UK proved that aspirin could have that effect, and in 1977 a study carried out in the USA\s\up1(36(36) showed that aspirin could prevent strokes\s\up1(37(37)， as well.Eleven years later, Dr Thun from the USA showed that aspirin could reduce the risk of some cancers by\s\up1(38(38) 40 per cent.In 1999, aspirin was over 100 years old, and yet there have been more discoveries about how it can help increase the length of people's lives\s\up1(39(39).In 2003, a Chinese doctor, Dr Yuan Minsheng, found that aspirin could reduce blood sugar\s\up1(40(40) levels and, therefore, help people with diabetes\s\up1(41(41). 　　\s\up1(29(29)not only ... but also ...连接并列分句，not only ...位于句首时，该分句用部分倒装结构。

　　\s\up1(30(30)vital/'vaItl/adj.对......极重要的，必不可少的

　　It is vital that ... (should) do ...从句用虚拟语气。

　　\s\up1(31(31)that引导定语从句，修饰other things。

　　\s\up1(32(32)that引导同位语从句。

　　\s\up1(33(33)potential/pə'tenʃl/n.可能性，潜在性；潜能，潜力 adj.潜在的，可能的　have the potential to do sth.有做某事的可能

　　\s\up1(34(34)heart attack n．心脏病发作

　　\s\up1(35(35)circulate/'sɜːkjəleIt/vi.& vt.循环；传播

　　\s\up1(36(36)过去分词短语作a study的后置定语。

　　\s\up1(37(37)stroke/strəʊk/n.中风，脑溢血；(打、击等)一下 vt.轻抚，抚摩

　　\s\up1(38(38)表示增加或减少的百分比时要用介词by；表示增加或减少到多少的时候，要用介词to。

　　\s\up1(39(39)how引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。

　　\s\up1(40(40)blood sugar n．血糖

　　\s\up1(41(41)diabetes/ˌdaIə'biːtiːz/n.糖尿病