(1) to ideas, actions and qualities.

1. Tell students that the nouns in Group 2 are called abstract nouns. Ask students to read the definition of abstract nouns on page 46.（PPT page 6，鼠标点击，逐条显示，点击稍慢）

2. Ask students to think of more abstract nouns. And show them the following words as examples:（PPT page 7, 显示单词）

revision, direction, decision, preparation, satisfaction, argument, judgement, disappointment, excitement, civilization, dependence, difference, assistance, pleasure, loyalty, cruelty, action, failure, carelessness, happiness

【设计说明】通过分析、对比，引导学生自己发现抽象名词的特点，即不可为人的五官感知。随后在明确抽象名词的定义后，用实例加深学生的印象。

Step 3 Ways to form abstract nouns from verbs and adjectives

1. Ask students to categorize the words on the black board according to the suffixes. Then ask students to see what words they are and which part of speech they are if the suffixes are removed using the following form.（PPT page 8，鼠标点击，逐条显示，只举两组为例）

Nouns Original words Part of speech Suffix revision revise verb -sion decision decide verb -sion preparation prepare verb -tion satisfaction satisfy verb -tion argument argue verb -ment judgement judge verb -ment dependence depend verb -ence assistance assist verb -ence difference differ verb -ence pleasure please verb -ure failure fail verb -ure carelessness careless adjective -ness happiness happy adjective -ness civilization civil adjective -tion loyalty loyal adjective -ty cruelty, cruel adjective -ty 2. Ask students to read the instructions on page 46. Ask them to compare the words on the screen with the words in the tables.

3. Tell students that most abstract nouns are uncountable, only a few of them are countable. Ask them to read the following examples:（PPT page 9，鼠标点击，逐条显示）

hope→a hope; idea→an idea; situation→a situation; knowledge→a knowledge of...