educated me."

　　For both men, scientific life really got going as postgraduates after 1962.Dawkins, who remained at Oxford, describes brilliantly the academic competition among the postgraduate students, which he believed helped push him to develop the ideas that formed the basis of his most famous book, The Selfish Gene.This volume transformed scientific thinking about Darwinian evolution.

　　Hawking, on the other hand, moved to Cambridge University after graduation, where his research into the universe would eventually make him the most famous physicist since Albert Einstein.He writes movingly about the disease which progressively crippled his entire body, leaving him unable to move and only able to communicate using a computer controlled by his eyes.Although communication is slow - he can write only 3 words a minute using the machine - his illness has not affected his mind or his research on space­time and the origins of the universe.

　　Each book is recommended individually as a personal introduction to an important scientific thinker.Read together, they provide a superb background to the academic and social climate of postwar British research.

　　1．Which of the following describes a similarity in Hawking's and Dawkins' backgrounds?

　　A．They were both from wealthy families.

　　B．They studied the same subject in university.

　　C．They graduated from the same secondary school.

　　D．They both came from families that valued good education.

　　2．Why did Hawking study very little as an undergraduate student?

　　A．He preferred doing his own research and experiments.

　　B．Students considered it inappropriate to study too much.

　　C．The materials discussed in lectures were very easy for him.

　　D．He was more interested in making friends with his classmates.

　　3．What can we reasonably infer about the two scientists from the passage?

　　A．Dawkins worked much harder than Hawking as an undergraduate.

　　B．Hawking is more respected by the scientific community.

　　C．They knew each other during their studies at Oxford.

　　D．Hawking has experienced more physical difficulties.

　　4．What is the function of the last paragraph?

　　A．To state which book the writer prefers.

　　B．To recommend the reviewed books to readers.

　　C．To summarize the achievements of the two scientists.

　　D．To suggest the order in which the books should be read.

　　Ⅴ.任务型阅读

　　You might think that simple things like saying hello and goodbye are the same in every culture. Think again!

　　Shaking hands to say hello or goodbye was a Western custom (风俗) at first. 1.________

　　Traditionally, the Chinese custom for greeting was to hold one's hands together and nod their head a little.

　　Japanese people greet each other by bowing (鞠躬). When greeting an older or more important person, it is usual to bow lower and for longer. 2.________ But only men did it.

　　People in European countries such as Italy often greet each other with a kiss on both cheeks (脸颊). Even men greet each other like this. 3.________

　　Eskimos, a group of people living in the very cold northern areas of North America, greet each other by lightly rubbing (摩擦) their noses together. 4.________ Often, Eskimos only leave their eyes and noses uncovered. And the rest of their bodies are covered with warm clothing and their hands with gloves.

　　When you're not sure what the customs are in a new country, there's one greeting that is the same all over the world: a smile. 5.________

　　A．Kissing is only for close family or women friends.

　　 B．However, Eskimos never greet each other with a bow.

C．Everyone understands a smile so don't be afraid to use it!