Java程序设计

CHAPTER 1 The Java Programming Environment

1.1 History of Java2

1.2 Preparing to Write Java Programs2

1.3 A Simple Java Program3

1.4 How to Run a Java Program?4

1.5 Commonly Encountered Problems5

Workshops5

Workshop 1.1： Preparing the Environment for Java Programming5

Workshop 1.2： How to Run a Java Program?10

Workshop 1.3： How to Compile and Run a Java Program in DOS Prompt?12

Exercises13

CHAPTER 2 The Java Language Components

2.1 Print2Numbers Java Program17

2.2 The Java Vocabulary and Character Sets19

2.3 Primitive Data Types19

2.3.1 Boolean20

2.3.2 Characters20

2.3.3 Integers21

2.3.4 Floating Point22

2.3.5 Object References22

2.3.6 String22

2.4 Identifiers22

2.5 Reserved Words23

2.6 Comments24

2.7 Basic Program Structure25

Workshops26

Workshop 2.1： Understanding the Sequence of Program Execution26

Exercises28

CHAPTER 3 Expressions， Statements and Operators

3.1 Expression Statements31

3.1.1 Types of Expressions31

3.1.2 Assignment Expression Statements31

3.1.3 Prefix or Postfix Forms of "++" and "——" Statements32

3.1.4 Method Call Statements32

3.1.5 Object Creation Statements32

3.2 Declaration Statements33

3.3 Operators33

3.3.1 Arithmetic Operators34

3.3.2 Auto-Increment and Auto-Decrement Operators35

3.3.3 Logical Operators35

3.3.4 Relational Operators37

3.3.5 Bitwise Operators39

3.3.6 The Conditional Operator "?：" 40

3.3.7 Assignment Operators41

3.3.8 "+" Operator43

3.3.9 "." Operator44

3.3.10 Precedence and Associativity44

Workshops47

Workshop 3.1： Entering Data for Program Execution47

Exercises53

CHAPTER 4 Program Flow Controls

4.1 Sequence56

4.2 Selection57

4.2.1 Block57

4.2.2 Types of Selection Statements59

4.3 Iteration64

4.3.1 The while Statement64

4.3.2 The do-while Statement66

4.3.3 The for Statement67

4.3.4 The Enhanced‘for’ Statement70

4.4 Labels70

4.5 The break Statement71

4.6 The continue Statement71

Exercises71

CHAPTER 5 Arrays

5.1 Array75

5.1.1 Declaring and Creating an Array75

5.1.2 Initializing an Array77

5.1.3 Using Arrays77

5.2 Two-dimensional Arrays79

5.2.1 One-dimensional Array Approach79

5.2.2 Two-dimensional Array Approach80

5.2.3 Populating Two-dimensional Arrays82

5.3 Applying the Enhanced‘for’ Statement in Arrays83

5.4 An Application： Printing Numbers Divisible by 384

5.4.1 Using Label and break Statement85

5.4.2 Using continue Statement88

Workshops90

Workshop 5.1： Copying Arrays90

Exercises96

CHAPTER 6 Methods

6.1 Defining a Problem98

6.2 A Problem Solving Approach99

6.3 Improving the Problem-Solving Approach103

6.3.1 Advantage of Using Methods107

6.3.2 Walking Through readInputValues() Method107

6.3.3 Walking Through convertMarksToGrades() Method107

6.3.4 Walking Through printDetails() Method107

6.4 Block Structure and Scope108

6.4.1 Local Variables108

6.4.2 Global Variables109

6.4.3 Determining Scope of Variables across Methods110

6.4.4 Distinguishing Local Variables from Global Variables111

6.4.5 Scope of Identifier Declaration112

6.5 Parameters113

6.5.1 Actual and Formal Parameters113

6.5.2 Value Parameters117

6.6 Methods that Return Values119

6.6.1 Returning Values119

6.6.2 The return Statement121

Workshops121

Workshop 6.1： Using Methods121

Exercises125

CHAPTER 7 Class and Objects

7.1 Class and Objects128

7.2 Constructing Objects128

7.2.1 Constructors129

7.2.2 Multiple Constructor Method Definition131

7.2.3 Constructor Method Invocation133

7.3 Instance and Class Variables134

7.4 Instance and Class Methods135

7.4.1 Instance Methods135

7.4.2 Class Methods136

7.5 Constants138

7.6 The this Keyword139

7.6.1 Using this Keyword in Instance Method140

7.6.2 Using this Keyword in Constructor141

7.7 Inner Class141

7.7.1 Compiling an Inner Class142

7.7.2 Static Inner Class143

7.7.3 Creating Inner Class Objects143

7.8 Class Hierarchy143

7.8.1 Superclass and Subclass144

7.8.2 Inheritance146

Workshops148

Workshop 7.1： Implementing Class and Objects148

Exercises153

CHAPTER 8 The Java Application Programming Interface (API)

8.1 Java Package157

8.1.1 The ‘package’ Keyword158

8.1.2 The ‘import’ Keyword159

8.1.3 File Name of a Public Class161

8.2 The JavaTM Platform Standard Edition 162

8.3 The Java API 162

8.3.1 The Java API Documentation163

8.3.2 The Java API Packages164

8.3.3 Directory Structure of Java API Packages167

8.3.4 The java.lang， java.io， and java.util Packages168

8.3.5 Reading the Java API Documentation168

8.3.6 Using the Java API169

8.4 The Ubiquitous System.out.println() Method170

8.4.1 The System Class170

8.4.2 The PrintStream Class171

8.5 String Tokenizers173

8.5.1 The java.util.StringTokenizer Class 173

8.5.2 Delimiter Characters 175

Exercises176

CHAPTER 9 Inputs and Outputs

9.1 Input and Output Streams178

9.1.1 Screen Outputs178

9.1.2 Keyboard Inputs179

9.1.3 Reading and Displaying Texts 180

9.2 Exception Handling181

9.2.1 Java Exception Handling 181

9.2.2 Explicit Exception Handling 182

9.3 The Scanner Class185

9.3.1 Creating a Scanner Object186

9.3.2 Handling Numerical Data Types186

9.3.3 Handling String Values186

9.3.4 Handling Boolean Values186

9.3.5 Exceptions and Delimiters187

9.3.6 A Scanner Class Application188

Exercises190

CHAPTER 10 File Handling

10.1 Text Files193

10.1.1 Writing to a Text File 193

10.1.2 Appending Texts to a File 195

10.1.3 Reading from a File 195

10.2 Binary Files196

Exercises198

CHAPTER 11 Inheritance

11.1 The Inheritance Mechanism199

11.1.1 Subclass and Superclass199

11.1.2 java.lang.Object Class200

11.1.3 Downward Property Propagation200

11.2 Demonstrating Inheritance200

11.3 The super Keyword202

11.3.1 Syntax202

11.3.2 Constructor Chaining203

11.3.3 Calling Superclass Methods205

11.4 Method Overriding205

Exercises207

CHAPTER 12 Encapsulation

12.1 Access Modifiers： public， protected， private216

12.1.1 Using Access Modifiers216

12.1.2 Accessibility Effects217

12.2 Data Field Encapsulation218

12.3 Class Abstraction 219

12.4 Class Encapsulation220

12.4.1 Encapsulating a Class220

12.4.2 Enhanced Maintainability222

12.4.3 Bundling and Information Hiding225

Exercises226

CHAPTER 13 Polymorphism

13.1 Illustrating Polymorphism with Geometric Shapes229

13.1.1 The Triangle Class230

13.1.2 The Rectangle Class231

13.1.3 The GeometricShape Class233

13.1.4 The User Class： GeometricShapeMain Class234

13.2 Abstract Class 235

13.3 Dynamic Binding236

Exercises237

CHAPTER 14 Interface

14.1 The Interface Construct239

14.2 Interface Definition239

14.2.1 Interface Declaration and Interface Body240

14.2.2 Compilation of Interface241

14.2.3 Implementing Interface241

14.3 Understanding the Use of Interface243

14.4 What and How in the Use of Interface244

14.5 Application of Interface245

14.5.1 Sales Person Application245

14.5.2 SalesPerson and Employee Class247

14.5.3 Sort by Age： The main() Method 1248

14.5.4 Sort by Name： The main() Method 2250

14.5.5 Sort by Wage： The main() Method 3251

14.5.6 The Output251

14.6 The Serializable Interface252

14.7 Interface and Abstract Class257

14.8 Changes in Interface257

14.9 Uses of Interface258

Exercises258

CHAPTER 15 Sorting， Searching， and Recursion

15.1 Sorting264

15.1.1 Selection Sort264

15.1.2 Bubble Sort267

15.1.3 A Sorting Application269

15.2 Searching273

15.2.1 Linear Search273

15.2.2 Binary Search274

15.2.3 A Searching Application276

15.3 Recursion280

15.3.1 Recursive Method281

15.3.2 Writing a Recursive Method284

15.3.3 The Ubiquitous Factorial284

15.3.4 Applying Recursion285

This book teaches the fundamentals of Java and object-oriented programmingusing the programming language Java. Designed for readers with no priorknowledge in computer programming， this book is unassuming and is most suitablefor teaching Java and object-oriented programming in a progressive manner. It is abook crafted with the novice in mind. Complete source code is provided in everyexample. Where applicable， screen-shots showing the development of applicationprograms are included to help readers in their practices. If you have no knowledgein writing computer programs and would like a book to guide you in theprogramming process， then this book is right for you！ Topics covered include： the Java programming environment; the Javalanguage components which include variables; data structures; data types and theirdeclaration; expressions， statements， and operators; program flow controlmechanisms; arrays; methods; inputs and outputs; file handling; object-orientedprogramming concepts such as inheritance encapsulation， and polymorphism;interface; and sort， search and recursion techniques. The book also covers the JavaApplication Programming Interface （API） - a rich Java class library.