有限温度场论原理和应用

preface1review of quantum statistical mechanics　1.1ensembles　1.2one bosonic degree of freedom　1.3one fermionic-degree of freedom　1.4noninteracting gases　1.5exercises　bibliography2functional integral representation of the partition function　2.1transition amplitude for bosons　2.2partition function for bosons　2.3neutral scalar field　2.4bose-einstein condensation　2.5fermions　2.6remarks on functional integrals　2.7exercises　reference　bibliography3 interactions and diagrammatic techniques　3.1perturbation expansion　3.2diagrammatic rules forλφ4 theory　3.3propagators　3.4first-order corrections to il and in z　3.5summation of infrared divergences　3.6yukawa theory　3.7remarks on real time perturbation theory　3.8exercises　references　bibliography4renormalization　4.1renormalizingλφ4 theory　4.2renormalization group　4.3regularization schemes　4.4application to the partition function　4.5exercises　references　bibliography5quantum electrodynamics　5.1quantizing the electromagnetic field　5.2blackbody radiation　5.3diagrammatic expansion　5.4photon self-energy　5.5loop corrections to in z　5.6exercises　references　bibliography6linear response theory　6.1linear response to an external field　6.2lehmann representation　6.3screening of static electric fields　6.4screening of a point charge　6.5exact formula for screening length in qed　6.6collective excitations　6.7photon dispersion relation　6.8electron dispersion relation　6.9kubo formulae for viscosities and conductivities　6.10 exercises　references　bibliography7 spontaneous symmetry breaking and restoration　7.1charged scalar field with negative mass-squared　7.2goldstone's theorem　7.3loop corrections　7.4higgs model　7.5exercises　references　bibliography8quantum chromodynamics　8.1quarks and gluons　8.2asymptotic freedom　8.3perturbative evaluation of partition function　8.4higher orders at finite temperature　8.5gluon propagator and linear response　8.6instantons　8.7infrared problems　8.8strange quark matter　8.9color superconductivity　8.10 exercises　references　bibliography9resummation and hard thermal loops　9.1isolating the hard thermal loop contribution　9.2hard thermal loops and ward identities　9.3hard thermal loops and effective perturbation theory　9.4spectral densities　9.5kinetic theory　9.6transport coefficients　9.7exercises　references10lattice gauge theory　10.1 abelian gauge theory　10.2 nonabelian gauge theory　10.3 fermions　10.4 phase transitions in pure gauge theory　10.5 lattice qcd　10.6 exercises　references　bibliography11dense nuclear matter12hot hadronic matter13nucleation theory14heavy ion collisions15weak interactions16 astrophysics and cosmologyappendixindex

what happens when ordinary matter is sogreatly compressed that the electrons form a relativisticdegenerate gas, as in a white dwarf star? what happens when thematter is compressed even further so that atomic nuclei overlap toform superdense nuclear matter, as in a neutron star? what happenswhen nuclear matter is heated to such great temperatures that thenucleons and pions melt into quarks and gluons, as in high-energynuclear collisions? what happened in the spontaneous symmetrybreak-ing of the unified theory of the weak and electromagneticinteractions during the big bang? questions like these havefascinated us for a long time. the purpose of this book is todevelop the fundamental principles and mathematical techniques thatenable the formulation of answers to these mind-boggling questions.the study of matter under extreme con-ditions has blossomed into afield of intense interdisciplinary activity and global extent. theanalysis of the collective behavior of interacting rela-tivisticsystems spans a rich palette of physical phenomena. one of theultimate goals of the whole program is to map out the phase diagramof the standard model and its extensions.　　 this text assumes that the reader has completed graduate levelcourses in thermal and statistical physics and in relativisticquantum field theory.our aims are to convey a coherent picture ofthe field and to prepare the reader to read and understand theoriginal and current literature. the book is not, however, acompendium of all known results; this would havemade itprohibitively long. we start from the basic principles ofquantumfield theory, thermodynamics, and statistical mechanics.this develop-ment is most elegantly accomplished by means offeynman's functionalintegral formalism. having a functionalintegral expression for the parti-tion function allows astraightforward derivation of diagrammatic rules for interactingfield theories. it also provides a framework for defining gaugetheories on finite lattices, which then enables integration bymonte carlo techniques. the formal aspects are illustrated withapplications drawn from fields of research that are close to theauthors' own experience. eachchapter carries its own exercises,reference list, and select bibliography.the book is based onfinite-temperature field theory, written by one of us (jk) andpublished in 1989. although the fundamental principles have notchanged, there have been many important developments since then,necessitating a new book.